第22章 SITTING BULL(3)

"Behold,my friends,the spring is come;the earth has gladly received the embraces of the sun,and we shall soon see the results of their love!Every seed is awakened,and all animal life.It is through this mysterious power that we too have our being,and we therefore yield to our neighbors,even to our animal neighbors,the same right as ourselves to inhabit this vast land.

"Yet hear me,friends!we have now to deal with another people,small and feeble when our forefathers first met with them,but now great and overbearing.Strangely enough,they have a mind to till the soil,and the love of possessions is a disease in them.

These people have made many rules that the rich may break,but the poor may not!They have a religion in which the poor worship,but the rich will not!They even take tithes of the poor and weak to support the rich and those who rule.They claim this mother of ours,the Earth,for their own use,and fence their neighbors away from her,and deface her with their buildings and their refuse.

They compel her to produce out of season,and when sterile she is made to take medicine in order to produce again.All this is sacrilege.

"This nation is like a spring freshet;it overruns its banks and destroys all who are in its path.We cannot dwell side by side.Only seven years ago we made a treaty by which we were assured that the buffalo country should be left to us forever.Now they threaten to take that from us also.My brothers,shall we submit?or shall we say to them:'First kill me,before you can take possession of my fatherland!'"As Sitting Bull spoke,so he felt,and he had the courage to stand by his words.Crazy Horse led his forces in the field;as for him,he applied his energies to state affairs,and by his strong and aggressive personality contributed much to holding the hostiles together.

It may be said without fear of contradiction that Sitting Bull never killed any women or children.He was a fair fighter,and while not prominent in battle after his young manhood,he was the brains of the Sioux resistance.He has been called a "medicine man"and a "dreamer."Strictly speaking,he was neither of these,and the white historians are prone to confuse the two.A medicine man is a doctor or healer;a dreamer is an active war prophet who leads his war party according to his dream or prophecy.What is called by whites "making medicine"in war time is again a wrong conception.Every warrior carries a bag of sacred or lucky charms,supposed to protect the wearer alone,but it has nothing to do with the success or safety of the party as a whole.No one can make any "medicine"to affect the result of a battle,although it has been said that Sitting Bull did this at the battle of the Little Big Horn.

When Custer and Reno attacked the camp at both ends,the chief was caught napping.The village was in danger of surprise,and the women and children must be placed in safety.Like other men of his age,Sitting Bull got his family together for flight,and then joined the warriors on the Reno side of the attack.Thus he was not in the famous charge against Custer;nevertheless,his voice was heard exhorting the warriors throughout that day.

During the autumn of 1876,after the fall of Custer,Sitting Bull was hunted all through the Yellowstone region by the military.

The following characteristic letter,doubtless written at his dictation by a half-breed interpreter,was sent to Colonel Otis immediately after a daring attack upon his wagon train.

"I want to know what you are doing,traveling on this road.

You scare all the buffalo away.I want to hunt in this place.Iwant you to turn back from here.If you don't,I will fight you again.I want you to leave what you have got here and turn back from here.

I am your friend Sitting Bull.

I mean all the rations you have got and some powder.Wish you would write me as soon as you can."Otis,however,kept on and joined Colonel Miles,who followed Sitting Bull with about four hundred soldiers.He overtook him at last on Cedar Creek,near the Yellowstone,and the two met midway between the lines for a parley.The army report says:"Sitting Bull wanted peace in his own way."The truth was that he wanted nothing more than had been guaranteed to them by the treaty of 1868--the exclusive possession of their last hunting ground.This the government was not now prepared to grant,as it had been decided to place all the Indians under military control upon the various reservations.

Since it was impossible to reconcile two such conflicting demands,the hostiles were driven about from pillar to post for several more years,and finally took refuge across the line in Canada,where Sitting Bull had placed his last hope of justice and freedom for his race.Here he was joined from time to time by parties of malcontents from the reservation,driven largely by starvation and ill-treatment to seek another home.Here,too,they were followed by United States commissioners,headed by General Terry,who endeavored to persuade him to return,promising abundance of food and fair treatment,despite the fact that the exiles were well aware of the miserable condition of the "good Indians"upon the reservations.He first refused to meet them at all,and only did so when advised to that effect by Major Walsh of the Canadian mounted police.This was his characteristic remark: