5 结语
知识工作者在工作中对知识进行密集的交流、创造、转化及利用，他们的工作不再局限于传统办公地点，工作圈也就逐渐“渗透”到居住圈。对于知识工作者来说，居住区位不仅仅是一个栖居地，更是自我价值和社交模式的空间映射。因此，不同知识类型对地理距离的敏感程度最终将体现在知识工作者对职住区位的独特偏好及选择上。综合型和符号型高端产业服务业工作者最大限度地增加与其志趣相投的合作者之间的非正式交流；相比之下，分析型和综合型高科技工作者则倾向于简化与外部环境的沟通。具体来说，综合型和符号型高端产业服务业工作者偏好“置身”于“相对动态”的高密度环境中，他们倾向选择在中心地区工作和居住；相反，分析型和综合型高科技工作者倾向于“退缩”到“相对静态”的低密度环境中，他们倾向选择在近郊区工作和居住。
知识工作者作为创造知识的基本单元在经济时代发挥着举足轻重的作用，对知识工作者区位偏好和选择机制的深入理解便于更好地吸引与保留这些人才。首先，城市空间规划需酌情考虑不同类型知识工作者区位偏好的差异性。换句话说，应该提供多元化居住环境的住宅单元，同时改善工作地点周边的服务设施，来满足各类知识工作者的区位偏好。国内城市规划人员应按照各地区的产业结构及职业类型来具体分配与知识工作者吻合的居住就业等空间环境。其次，鉴于知识密集型企业越来越依赖于知识工作者，这些企业的选址也会参考相应人才的空间分布。这样一来，了解知识工作者的区位偏好和选择将对知识密集型企业的战略选址具有一定的导向性意义。最后，知识工作者由于本身受益于其所获取的知识，他们十分看重居住地点周边的教育设施情况。由于当下国内城市的住房区位与教育资源直接挂钩，为保证其子女获取教育资源，很多知识工作者不得不放弃其他更加契合的居住区位。当居住环境并不是最理想的情况下，知识工作者从中获得的对工作的灵感就会受限，长期来看可能会限制知识工作者的潜能发挥。因此，本研究也从某种程度上呼吁国内教育资源的空间均等化。
未来研究中应进一步区分和考量知识工作者的经济社会属性及知识类型在其区位偏好中的影响程度。此外，未来分析也有必要将知识工作者的社交网络类型，甚至其个性特点涵盖进来，从而充分理解他们的决策机制。最后，鉴于分析型、综合型、符号型知识类型是理想的划分方法，实际上知识工作者在工作中会同时使用到多种类型知识，探究若干知识类型对区位偏好的综合影响也是未来的一个重要研究方向。
注释
1 本文基于赵娟娟博士论文第I，II，III,IV章改写，感谢导师Alain Thierstein以及Gebhard Wulfhorst。
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