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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1738840731-nMlnxW79KXMOrGFC8AWWsYWBDAnsYDDF-0-e198abf3acd085375af0cfb6bc7a8a15)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1738840731-41Nraff3xDGGoGAbfEa1Xce8QeNaSpZZ-0-1968d4b7426a0e5323fc73357818203f)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1738840731-13qBgX6uoy4nViwqxYRjTyogBgnBp1Gh-0-b8e807c9f63dd99a939ba610be48d81b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1738840731-YXKmGtmmMh3ZA8gTBBCxvbQ8DXQ2XXJN-0-8d69f03198a622a3e71e01e2b4f1b4f6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1738840731-YBr70SLgWLNRf1w0ecrAno9pjtYrgZ3e-0-e0210b5bde7eab8fff220bb4a4485c5b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1738840731-ZK31rZSuUI7O3c1oX82sdCMPdA7pIFAt-0-c5a1c87bf6944a043d51ef702ddfbcb7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1738840731-svSsQz0THa2gbVB9du2m7BZxBWlYzft2-0-745e34cf647c11ae2023af2e0347e025)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Q6H3sYFZy6mB0A6AgfwzO7P5mLvUTFDl-0-4116750da65e2b32f0ff43c33e715d1c)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1738840731-3E7QAPmikwkJNEMpdkZ6FXtJHwEn2pym-0-dcd9a5879d0d701bbd32dfb0f98174e6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Nu8rzUJzxRZTn4BZDEEV2KvHpzaNp7yr-0-fe093c35a2375622ad84a58936428bc0)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1738840731-u275fGRIBQgJyMqkiweYD54dNHIkwuXe-0-a4d5449c94508d913aae98300c1fe215)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1738840731-OxeCScAmBD54o5K270KZsJyidLt8xMTF-0-0388e298599205d110a41ee6ed7bbd29)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1738840731-VLkDtKyt8XIlxbv6PLL0YyfXXcehbwLu-0-45f89a687be0f629805dffec707cbd2e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1738840731-TFKaNHkqdlXM6pNkv0i1dnhsSCgi5DQI-0-4b1061b23f3811185f24ea44c9e881de)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1738840731-jV1JxqYNPI9Omt9hYn7F1oU9Z0dvqa1n-0-1cd03b13684b2c515ab38f9143bc6be9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Cl9AhFNCesPWcSlXF9Two29g3kBHFej6-0-563a2b0678dbd7062fd848f277d5919a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1738840731-uEgmxyLBW444YM9vXeZa1zVJdKyrUcHE-0-c6c27f6aead9d1840a161c6b3bdf8688)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1738840731-8p9E3dAv2n2j9wKnAbb1G77njikMxV30-0-12c2a23bbe7a62fa3b249c55732ee9ae)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1738840731-3ftealSOOTk6yvOddJqPRQ93t43NB8Wv-0-cc46fd8cee2b792d360bacdc998faf5d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1738840731-47xTqHOXhTeVogx2gym9YZhALiNBpVA4-0-5b5ba73192b1446cb973675fac45b566)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1738840731-K5bkMgAk7JHk9ogebJMmDS3V69oJxWHD-0-3ff233390cc3a599ebd58b21ff3f144d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1738840731-pBKNrH26GPFBGVoeFG2kQymwmupjLmxU-0-4cb56f822b104761e706453fc01d8e33)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1738840731-nu77cZ4GDKGjiAUG5MzL2LtB0V6wMHnH-0-0a5739b52ec67c4ba6986d61acc3be9c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1738840731-peZp7eIowAKNjiTxoM6zBsCcYhIWui7I-0-10cfd6cb8ac1083fa4ca43d2ac43d6e5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1738840731-i87Q00neTLVzRwiHokIzXik3OdjFZDH6-0-9b86440ddc16363e4f8f41b51c1dfb96)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1738840731-UYNB0YndKuCiLnkEDd66XciO76tADrlW-0-c8eccaac499c986e9651c6e45d4f8afb)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1738840731-qAdCmiXcPVDaEeMcwWBAPQpYQEJfhNlq-0-ec389ed11c8fdebecf6db88d39f47c7a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1738840731-ljZP14Vg4VD7QQAeXZFOv0WnrFOu2Uiu-0-940be9b91deff8d2846bac75ced0a03c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Iy95GalC7FNJiG91ppC9qOHgWUyfGrY4-0-7730347862c8394052618a09744c4e20)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1738840731-23hhWVFrft9feB76Qff6Uho7M1pXkEBN-0-b99d9caefb83e6577d66b61b92dad03e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1738840731-f63sdPql3oZQ574Cx4oxQmNmwnUVozDm-0-d5e2d7cca6f5b11c310d089f192400ba)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1738840731-fEPHBENKu2jkE3Hw3oo4cPlxfVLcohK6-0-ed4b8c54ca517c216377c5eae7574884)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Ubvj1f4cha3XEo7w3rhKVkzlkLfHOtKp-0-873a566abf9250cf73964f5a700f651e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1738840731-GVaOpou75VFhllpDGV9STR7EcZ3DcvNO-0-476d76d9d44c7cc5a7eb933d80af1537)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1738840731-nhJCd4YM9SLfm1iYhHAdVwisU0WulvA5-0-d2fb1f84bd90f0dadc8186cb904372c9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1738840731-cCCQ7Sx9xjx2gPzYDkcfcOs6kM0QC461-0-125a9592b28101d5666c6975631f9872)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1738840731-2PJwQxvjtzvbwshV7jEnbU8fFxqH8uWP-0-5187a0cfa21233e6999d25bc4b060381)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1738840731-BhF2ewWZA9aWzRBjNcSyrANzG3cDQwhY-0-e065206dba99bea553dda6386f609007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1738840731-Tl5J8N1KL0HFWnOl53m41c3PezkWKBL2-0-e4b6d7ebcea2982f7712759dc27442f7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1738840731-1eodt5XAqvvPqnGZ0oqLpaISTukP0QEN-0-be416c579c5c406d829e1f794412ce60)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1738840731-uVpY27A3XLupg2RbaPdZlNJweNo57S8x-0-9548cb0c053a6efd1ab83fc8f405f466)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1738840731-PA1w4EKxUwFEEaP0IOYMJvstyfNMFYZg-0-5f5b0dc32fd525cfee26462edd97cb6f)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1738840731-kktuBDFwseSJA0zxRyxEAbXZ6JDw9KMN-0-87b63192d2d11521b9fd22ba6e05dbe2)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1738840731-778H5DUfFM5hYQDTYKpzISpXkYxAlift-0-fd8bd3bfd8a1d1cfad568bede033fac9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1738840731-rMcSse5ncpguU5qqR6gnpMoWAyngxztF-0-23e376ce2680e5e33e2e548c9ec8ea99)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1738840731-L5vLUDyXFzMHQ0ugp1PRXcYqSErVFX4m-0-4be0f1414e1f0704d71b1391386dd4b3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1738840731-cA5G5XSU2ORukaJHXdtlD5tUorgOb6NF-0-b94fb5047f75b6a2fbd98d247d89ca53)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1738840731-aNj5hiZSqduBxszsrXoWExzusSPcUW0C-0-a1d0841bf224be87692ba16a311a91eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1738840731-4mt11fyb7w5hGHxugWRen4MMVCWkB0Qr-0-b4a77c02b40ce7b48a46041f549b26a4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1738840731-3oiGoNoIvFrwNvxzh5qw4YeGNlUOMFBD-0-ee2054d6ca70de43f1ffb8daa2683358)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1738840731-rLfc3n18RjFDWIp2XJZi8vZAJ17j9Dvb-0-ff5f020f2c2a5f20ba68a4a36c9b0656)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1738840731-AiMtFhJrPJ7pw6Syvg9CbiBl6SE9oXve-0-f7bfc6991afd16c2793b2829a493ba0d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1738840731-wqDUZqv5Jf1S3YEnCBRDz28v1If5A2qt-0-95922b08469b7a6fd67d03908243ac34)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1738840731-7pvYnwf2Yiptvn6aRIBp3e14l7wv9G45-0-6d05299d7bbce4061b08ca95e2d7fdc1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1738840731-TbUhdoATv9RTlzQkm9HPQBvxA62hmLbn-0-25e626c567b4449f76f01193e1ffb068)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1738840731-hxaQbSG0xKATevtKhICrIskJekrDUDnl-0-8cf475c01f4211845942567010b8e564)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1738840731-NE8bsQ4n0p0a6qlQkRGDfiYPh7HIuFOp-0-a01f81ba612750678d8ec4a1e48d74ff)